A voltage sensor is an electronic device designed to measure and monitor the electrical potential difference (voltage) between two points in a circuit. It detects voltage levels and converts them into a proportional electrical or digital signal that can be read by monitoring systems, microcontrollers, or protective circuits for analysis, control, or automation.

Voltage sensors operate using various principles depending on the voltage range and application requirements. Common methods include resistive voltage dividers, isolation amplifiers, Hall-effect sensing, and transformer-based techniques. They can measure AC or DC voltage and are often equipped with isolation and protection features to ensure safe and accurate operation in both low and high-voltage environments.

Modern voltage sensors are designed to be compact, reliable, and energy-efficient, with many supporting real-time data transmission and seamless integration with IoT platforms and automated monitoring systems.

Voltage sensors are widely used in industrial automation, power systems, energy monitoring, electric vehicles, smart grids, and laboratory equipment, providing precise voltage measurements that are critical for safety, efficiency, and performance optimization.