A soil sensor is a device designed to measure and monitor key soil parameters that influence plant growth, crop health, and overall soil condition. It provides real-time data by detecting physical or chemical properties of the soil and converting them into electrical or digital signals for analysis, automation, or informed decision-making.

Soil sensors can measure a variety of factors, including soil moisture, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), pH levels, and, in some advanced systems, nutrient content. They operate using technologies such as capacitive or resistive moisture sensing, temperature probes, and electrochemical measurement methods, depending on the specific parameter being monitored.

Modern soil sensors are designed to be durable, energy-efficient, and reliable in outdoor and underground environments, providing continuous monitoring even under harsh conditions. Many models support real-time data transmission and integration with IoT platforms, precision agriculture systems, and automated irrigation networks.

Soil sensors are widely used in agriculture, horticulture, greenhouse management, environmental monitoring, and smart farming applications, helping optimize water usage, improve crop yields, maintain soil health, and reduce resource waste through accurate, data-driven insights.